Photosynthesis: Calvin Cycle

Although the Calvin Cycle does not rely directly on exposure to the sun for energy, its enzymes still require sunlight to be activated. This cycle follows the light reactions and is where the carbohydrates are synthesized.

The bellow diagram illustrates the process well.

It is divided into 3 phases:

1)Carbon fixation
3 carbon dioxide + 3RuBP -> unstable 6 carbon compound -> 3 PGA
Enzyme : Rubisco (Most abundant protient on earth. Also large.)

2)Carbohydrate synthesis
3PGA + 6ATP -> 6 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + 6ADP
Enzyme: PGA kinase
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + 6NADPH -> 6G3P + 6 Pi + 6NADP+
Enzyme : G3P dehydrogenase
*Note : 1G3P -> SUGAR

3)Ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) regeneration
5G3P + 3ATP -> 3RuBP + 3ADP + 2Pi

Overview:
Net ATP: -9
Location: Stroma
Reactants : 3 RuBP + 3CO2 + 9ATP + 6 NADPH + 5 H2O
Products: 9 ADP + 8Pi + 6 NADP+ + G3P + 3 RuBP